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Olimpie

Opera · 1819

After Alexander the Great’s death, his daughter Olimpie lives disguised as the slave Aménais, while her mother Statira hides as a priestess. Statira accuses Cassandre of murdering Alexander, but Olimpie defends him because he once saved her life. Torn between her love for Cassandre and loyalty to her mother, Olimpie sees Cassandre’s army clash with Antigonus’s. In the revised ending, the mortally wounded Antigonus confesses to Alexander’s murder, freeing Cassandre and Olimpie to marry.

Orfeo

Opera · 1647

Venus schemes to separate Orpheus and Eurydice, but Eurydice rejects her efforts to make her love Aristaeus. During a dance, Eurydice is bitten by a snake and dies. Orpheus descends to the underworld, where Juno persuades Proserpina and Pluto to release Eurydice on condition that he not look back before they reach the upper world. He turns and loses her again. Jupiter transforms Orpheus, Eurydice, and the lyre into constellations. The epilogue presents the lyre as a symbol of France and wishes King Louis a long life.

Orfeo

Opera · 1672

Aristaeus, Orpheus’s brother, also loves Eurydice, making Orpheus jealous. Aristaeus rejects Autonoe, who disguises herself as a gypsy and enlists Achilles and Hercules to help. Orpheus plans Eurydice’s murder, but she dies from a snakebite while trying to flee Aristaeus. Orpheus descends to the underworld and persuades Pluto to release her, provided he does not look back before they reach the living world. Orpheus turns and loses Eurydice again. Aristaeus accepts Autonoe, and they marry.

Orfeo ed Euridice

Opera · 1762

At Euridice’s tomb, Orfeo mourns his wife. Amore lets him travel to the Underworld and bring her back, on condition that he not look at her before they return to earth. Orfeo wins passage through the Furies with his singing and finds Euridice among the blessed spirits. On the way back, Euridice is distressed that Orfeo will not look at or explain himself to her. When she refuses to continue, Orfeo turns to her and she dies again. He grieves and prepares to kill himself, but Amore intervenes, restores Euridice to life, and reunites the couple.

Orlando paladino

Opera · 1782

Orlando pursues Angelica, who loves Medoro, and rages at their relationship. The sorceress Alcina repeatedly protects the lovers and restrains Orlando, while Rodomonte also pursues Angelica. Medoro is wounded and Orlando duels with Rodomonte. Alcina uses the waters of Lethe to cure Orlando’s madness, erasing his love for Angelica and hatred of Medoro. Angelica and Medoro reunite, Eurilla and Orlando’s squire Pasquale marry, and Orlando sets out for new deeds.

Orontea

Opera · 1656

Philosophy and Love debate their power over humanity. Queen Orontea vows to avoid love, but falls for painter Alidoro when he arrives seeking refuge; the courtesan Silandra also loves him. Giacinta, disguised as a boy, arrives after being sent to kill Alidoro. Orontea grows jealous when he paints Silandra, while Creonte disapproves of her love for a commoner. Later Alidoro is accused of stealing a royal medallion. Aristea explains that it belonged to his family: Alidoro is actually Floridano, the kidnapped son of Phoenicia’s king, and he is free to marry Orontea.

Orphée aux enfers

Opera · 1858

Orphée, a rustic violin teacher, and his wife Eurydice dislike one another. Eurydice loves their neighbour Aristée, who is actually Pluton, god of the Underworld; Orphée and Pluton plot her death, and Pluton takes her below. Public Opinion forces Orphée to attempt a rescue. On Olympus, the gods revolt against Jupiter, who then descends to the Underworld and falls for Eurydice. At a celebration in Hades, Jupiter tries to smuggle her out. Orphée is told not to look back, but Jupiter’s thunderbolt makes him turn; Eurydice disappears, and the gods assign her to Bacchus. The 1874 revision expands the work to four acts and adds ballet, characters, and musical numbers without changing the main narrative.

Oscar

Opera · 2013

Walt Whitman introduces Wilde’s story. In London in 1895, hotel managers refuse Wilde rooms under pressure from the Marquess of Queensberry’s detectives. Ada Leverson and Frank Harris urge him to escape to France, but Wilde decides to stay for the trial. He is convicted of gross indecency and sentenced to two years’ hard labour. In Reading Gaol, he endures the prison regime, receives kindness from fellow prisoners and warder Martin, and witnesses the execution of another prisoner. Harris’s advocacy improves his conditions; Leverson visits and tells him he will soon be free. Wilde and Bosie part, and Whitman presents him to the Immortals.

Pagliacci

Opera · 1892

A commedia dell’arte troupe arrives in a Calabrian village. Canio, who plays Pagliaccio, warns the villagers that he will not tolerate anyone courting his wife Nedda. Nedda’s lover Silvio asks her to elope, but Canio catches them and cannot identify the man. During the performance, Nedda repeats the words she had said to Silvio. Canio abandons the play and demands her lover’s name. When she refuses, he stabs her; Silvio rushes to the stage and is also killed. Canio—or Tonio, in the original manuscript—announces that the comedy is finished.

Parnasso in festa, per li sponsali di Teti e Peleo

Opera · 1734

On Mount Parnassus, Apollo and the Muses gather to celebrate the marriage of Peleus and Thetis, joined by Orpheus. Clio recalls Apollo’s pursuit of Daphne, who escaped him by becoming a laurel tree. The Muses praise Orpheus, who mourns losing Eurydice for a second time after looking back while leading her from the underworld. Apollo and the Muses console him and celebrate the royal couple, whose marriage they say will bless the earth. Tritons sound their conches to begin the wedding festivities; the gods, Muses, nymphs and shepherds celebrate the newlyweds and prophesy a line of heroes.

Patience

Opera · 1881

At Castle Bunthorne, maidens adore the aesthetic poet Bunthorne, though he loves the dairy maid Patience, who has never been in love. Their former suitors, officers of the Dragoons, return and are rejected. Patience resolves to love Bunthorne selflessly, but when the poet Archibald Grosvenor arrives, the maidens transfer their devotion to him. Grosvenor agrees to become commonplace to escape their attention; the maidens then return to their former fiancés, Patience agrees to marry Grosvenor, and Lady Jane pairs with the Duke of Dunstable, leaving Bunthorne alone.

Pelléas et Mélisande

Opera · 1902

Prince Golaud finds Mélisande lost in a forest, marries her, and brings her to his grandfather’s castle. Mélisande grows close to Golaud’s younger half-brother Pelléas, provoking Golaud’s jealousy. Golaud forces his son Yniold to spy on them and later catches the pair confessing their love. He kills Pelléas with his sword. Mélisande gives birth to a daughter but dies soon after, while Golaud begs her to explain what happened.

Pepita Jiménez

Opera · 1896

Widowed Pepita, now wealthy, loves Don Luis, a young theological student and son of the respected Don Pedro. Pepita’s maid Antoñona tells Don Pedro about their love; he puts aside his own feelings for Pepita and tries to help them. Don Luis resolves to resist love and leave, but Antoñona makes him promise to see Pepita once more. He challenges Count Genazahar to a duel after the Count insults her. When the wounded Count is defeated, Pepita fears Luis’s religious calling will separate them and locks herself in her room. Luis breaks in, and they embrace.

Perelà, uomo di fumo

Opera · 2003

Perelà is a man made of smoke who forms over thirty-three years in the fireplace tended by three women. When he finds the hearth abandoned, he names himself from their names, puts on boots to anchor himself, and travels to a nearby city. At court, people admire his lightness and ask him to devise a new legal code; Marchesa Olivia falls in love with him. After Alloro sets himself on fire hoping to emulate Perelà, Alloro’s daughter accuses Perelà of murder. He is imprisoned, but removes his boots and escapes through the cell chimney, floating into the sky.

Peter Grimes

Opera · 1945

In a Suffolk coastal village around 1830, fisherman Peter Grimes is questioned after his apprentice dies at sea. The inquest rules the death accidental, but the townspeople remain suspicious. Grimes takes another apprentice, John, and hopes to marry schoolmistress Ellen Orford if he can gain the Borough’s respect. When Ellen finds a bruise on John, Grimes strikes her and takes the boy away. John dies after falling from a cliff as they hurry to their boat. The villagers later search for Grimes; Captain Balstrode tells him to sail out and sink his boat. The next morning, the town resumes its routine and dismisses a coastguard report of a sinking boat.

Philemon und Baucis, oder Jupiters Reise auf die Erde

Opera · 1773

In Phrygia, Philemon and Baucis prepare their son Aret and Narcissa’s wedding while Mercury watches the village’s increasingly depraved behavior. The gods send a storm that kills the young couple. Later, Jupiter and Mercury arrive disguised as wanderers, and the old couple welcome them; moved by their hospitality and grief, the gods revive Aret and Narcissa and turn the hut into a temple.

Philémon et Baucis

Opera · 1860

Jupiter visits the poor but contented couple Philémon and Baucis during a storm he has caused. Pleased by their kindness and angered by the impious people nearby, he spares them and destroys the others. He grants the couple youth again, then pursues Baucis, who remains faithful despite being tempted by his attention. Philémon curses the gift and leaves. Baucis begs Jupiter to punish her instead, and asks to grow old again with her husband. Philémon joins her plea, and Jupiter blesses their marriage and promises not to disturb their happiness.

Pizarre, ou La conquête de Pérou

Opera · 1785

On her wedding day to Zamore, Alzire has an ominous dream before Spanish ships arrive. Pizarro’s forces defeat the Peruvians and destroy their temple. Pizarro, who loves Alzire, offers her father Atabaliba restoration as king in exchange for her hand and threatens captive Zamore. Atabaliba and Zamore plot revolt. In the final confrontation, Alzire protects Pizarro and threatens suicide; Pizarro grants her to Zamore, and the opera ends in reconciliation and celebration.

Poliuto

Opera · 1848

In Roman-ruled Melitene around 259 CE, magistrate Poliuto joins the Christians and is baptized. His wife Paolina, who had been told her former lover Severo died in battle, learns that Severo has returned. Poliuto suspects an affair but turns from revenge when his fellow Christian Nearco is arrested. At the Temple of Jupiter, Poliuto reveals his faith and smashes the pagan altar. Facing execution, he and Paolina reconcile; she converts and asks to die with him. They go with the condemned Christians to the arena.

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