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Giralda ou La nouvelle psyché

Opera · 1850

On pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela, the Queen of Spain and her husband stop at the cottage of miller Ginès, who is about to marry Giralda. Giralda loves a knight, Don Manoël, who bribes Ginès to take his place at the altar, then flees when the royal couple arrives because he is in hiding for a political crime. Confused events leave Giralda believing she has married Ginès and an older lord, Don Japhet. Manoël returns, the Queen pardons him, and he becomes Giralda’s husband.

Giulio Cesare in Egitto

Opera · 1724

Julius Caesar arrives in Egypt pursuing Pompey, whose wife Cornelia pleads for his life. Egypt’s co-ruler Tolomeo presents Caesar with Pompey’s severed head. Cornelia and her son Sesto vow revenge, while Tolomeo’s sister Cleopatra seeks Caesar’s support in taking the throne. Caesar and Cleopatra fall in love, and Caesar escapes an assassination attempt after being reported drowned. Sesto kills Tolomeo after he attempts to force himself on Cornelia. Caesar restores Cleopatra as queen of Egypt and returns to Rome.

Gli Orazi e i Curiazi

Opera · 1796

During Rome’s war with Alba Longa, Sabina of the Curiatii is married to Marcus Horatius, and their daughter Horatia is betrothed to Curiatius, leader of the Alban family. The kings agree to settle the conflict through a fight between three Horatii and three Curiatii. Horatia and Sabina delay the contest to consult Apollo’s oracle, which orders it to proceed. Marcus Horatius wins, killing Curiatius; when Horatia curses Rome for his death, her brother kills her.

Gloriana

Opera · 1953

At a tournament, Elizabeth I reconciles Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex, and Lord Mountjoy. Essex seeks permission to lead a campaign in Ireland, later becomes Lord Deputy, and eventually returns after failing to suppress the rebellion. Elizabeth’s affection for him conflicts with warnings about his political threat. Essex and his followers attempt to raise support against the Crown; after he is imprisoned in the Tower, Elizabeth signs his death warrant despite pleas for mercy, then reflects on their relationship and her mortality.

Goyescas

Opera · 1916

At a gathering outside a church, Paquiro flirts with the women before Rosario arrives to meet her lover, Fernando. Paquiro invites Rosario to a ball, and Fernando, suspecting her of flirting, insists on accompanying her. At the ball, Paquiro asks Rosario to dance, and Fernando insults him. Paquiro challenges Fernando to a duel. Later, in a palace garden, Fernando and Rosario share a tender moment, but Paquiro appears and Fernando leaves to fight. The duel ends with Fernando mortally wounded; Rosario holds him as he dies.

Griselda

Opera · 1718

King Gualtiero’s marriage to the shepherdess Griselda provokes rebellion. He secretly sent their daughter Costanza to be raised by Prince Corrado and now plans to marry her, though she loves Roberto and does not know her parentage. Gualtiero dismisses Griselda, who returns to the countryside. Ottone pursues and tries to kidnap her, but Gualtiero stops him and brings Griselda back as Costanza’s slave. When Griselda refuses Ottone and proves her faithfulness, Gualtiero takes her back as his wife, reveals Costanza’s identity, and allows her to marry Roberto.

Griselda

Opera · 1721

King Gualtiero married the poor shepherdess Griselda, but the marriage was unpopular. When their daughter Costanza was born, he secretly sent her to be raised by Prince Corrado. Facing rebellion, Gualtiero renounces Griselda and plans to marry Costanza, who loves Corrado’s brother Roberto. Griselda returns to the countryside, where courtier Ottone pursues her. Gualtiero rescues her from Ottone’s kidnapping attempt and brings her back as Costanza’s slave. Griselda remains faithful, and Gualtiero restores her as his wife, reveals Costanza’s parentage, and allows her to marry Roberto.

Griselda

Opera · 1722

King Gualtiero tests Griselda’s virtue, banishing her and claiming their daughter was killed. He plans to marry Almirena, unaware she is their daughter and in love with Ernesto. Back at her cottage, Griselda rejects the nobleman Rambaldo, who threatens her infant son. She flees to the palace and serves Almirena. Gualtiero’s final test is to order Griselda to marry Rambaldo; she refuses. The king reveals his motives, restores her as queen, and allows Almirena and Ernesto to reunite. Rambaldo is forgiven for fomenting rebellion to win Griselda.

Griselda

Opera · 1735

King Gualtiero’s marriage to the shepherdess Griselda has provoked rebellion. When their daughter Costanza was born, he secretly sent her away and pretended she had died; now he plans to marry Costanza, who is unaware of her parentage and loves Roberto. Gualtiero dismisses Griselda, who returns to her cottage. Courtier Ottone pursues her and tries to abduct her, but Gualtiero stops him and brings Griselda back as Costanza’s slave. After Griselda refuses Ottone and proves her virtue, Gualtiero takes her back as his wife, reveals Costanza’s identity, pardons Ottone, and allows Costanza to marry Roberto.

Guillaume Tell

Opera · 1829

In Austrian-occupied Switzerland, William Tell helps shepherd Leuthold escape the governor’s soldiers, and the arrest of Melchthal pushes Arnold to join a planned uprising. Tell, Arnold, and Walter unite the three cantons in rebellion. Governor Gesler forces Tell to shoot an apple from his son Jemmy’s head, then orders Tell transported across the stormy lake. Tell escapes, kills Gesler, and learns that Arnold and the rebels have captured Altdorf. Arnold and Mathilde reunite as the Swiss celebrate their freedom.

Götterdämmerung

Opera · 1876

Hagen manipulates Siegfried and the Gibichungs to gain the cursed ring. A potion makes Siegfried forget Brünnhilde, and he helps Gunther claim her; Brünnhilde later joins Hagen and Gunther in plotting against him. Hagen kills Siegfried, then kills Gunther while fighting for the ring. Brünnhilde recognizes Siegfried’s innocence, returns the ring to the Rhine, and rides into his funeral pyre. The fire destroys the Gibichung hall and Valhalla; the Rhinemaidens reclaim the ring and drown Hagen.

H.M.S. Pinafore

Opera · 1878

Aboard HMS Pinafore, Captain Corcoran’s daughter Josephine loves Ralph Rackstraw, a lower-class sailor, while her father intends her to marry Sir Joseph Porter. Ralph and Josephine plan to elope, but Dick Deadeye reveals their plan. Little Buttercup then discloses that she accidentally switched two babies years earlier: Ralph is the Captain’s child, and Corcoran was born to a lower rank. Their identities and ranks are exchanged, allowing Ralph and Josephine to marry; Corcoran marries Buttercup, and Sir Joseph settles for Cousin Hebe.

Harold, or the Norman Conquest

Opera · 1895

Outlawed Harold secretly loves Edith, but is taken to Normandy by Duke William, who deceives him into swearing to support his claim to the English crown. When King Edward dies, Archbishop Stigand frees Harold from the oath because William lied; Harold accepts the crown but loses Edith, who has taken religious vows. At Hastings, Harold is killed in battle. One ending has William claim the throne and order Harold buried as a soldier; an alternate ending stops with Edith grieving over his body.

Haydée, ou Le secret

Opera · 1847

Venetian admiral Lorédan lives with guilt over having cheated the senator Donato at dice, causing the senator’s death. His slave Haydée loves him and agrees to marry Malipieri when he threatens to reveal Lorédan’s secret, but a messenger reveals that Andrea, who has captured a Turkish ship, is Donato’s son and has killed Malipieri in a duel. Lorédan and Andrea reconcile; Lorédan marries Haydée, Andrea marries Rafaela, and Lorédan becomes Doge of Venice.

Hippolyte et Aricie

Opera · 1733

Hippolyte and Aricie love each other, but Aricie is held captive by Theseus and forbidden to marry. When Theseus journeys to the Underworld, Phaedra reveals her desire for her stepson Hippolyte, who rejects her. On his unexpected return, Theseus believes Phaedra’s false accusation and asks Neptune to punish Hippolyte. A sea monster appears to kill him, and Phaedra dies by suicide. Diana later reveals Hippolyte alive and reunites him with Aricie, while Theseus is left unable to see his son again.

Holger Danske

Opera · 1789

Oberon and Titania have vowed to reconcile only if they find a human couple who remain faithful through danger and temptation. They choose Holger, a knight of Charlemagne, and Rezia, daughter of the Sultan of Baghdad. Holger must fulfill a punishment by cutting a lock from the sultan’s beard and kissing Rezia. After the couple recognize each other, they are shipwrecked, enslaved and threatened with death, but Oberon and Titania free them. Holger uses a magic horn to overcome their enemies, and both couples are reunited.

Hulda

Opera · 1894

Aslak and his sons murder Hulda’s family, and she vows revenge. Two years later, she is to marry Gudleik, but she falls in love with the king’s emissary Eiolf; Gudleik is killed in a fight with him. Aslak later kills another son, Arne, after finding him with Hulda. Eiolf leaves Hulda and reconciles with Swanhilde, so Hulda recruits the remaining Aslak brothers to murder him. After they kill Eiolf, the brothers turn on Hulda. She welcomes death and throws herself into the fjord.

Hunyadi László

Opera · 1844

After the death of military leader János Hunyadi, his son László and brother Mátyás face hostility from the weak king László V and regent Ulrik Cillei. Cillei plots against them but is killed by László’s followers. The king pardons the brothers, then falls in love with Mária, László’s fiancée. Mária’s father Gara falsely accuses László of plotting to kill the king. Though Mária urges him to escape prison, László trusts the king’s promise. Gara orders the executioner’s fourth strike, and László is beheaded.

Háry János

Opera · 1926

At a village inn, veteran soldier Háry János recounts fantastic exploits to his listeners. He claims to move a frontier gate to help Marie Louise cross into Hungary, then joins the imperial court with his sweetheart Örzse. He describes riding a wild horse, becoming a captain, and defeating Napoleon single-handedly. Though the princess wants to marry him, Háry and Örzse return to their village. In the epilogue, the innkeeper says he never received the gold watch Háry claims was sent to the village.

Hänsel und Gretel

Opera · 1893

Hansel and Gretel are sent into the forest after their mother accidentally breaks the milk jug they were meant to watch. As night falls, the Sandman puts them to sleep, and angels guard them. In the morning they find a gingerbread house and are captured by a witch who plans to eat them. Gretel steals the witch’s wand, frees Hansel, and tricks the witch into the oven. The gingerbread children are restored to human form, and the children reunite with their parents.

Héléna

Opera · 1803

Constantin, count of Arles, is falsely accused of murdering his father. He and his wife Héléna flee, entrusting their young son to a farmer. Héléna later hides with the farmer in disguise, while Constantin returns to Arles and is hunted by the new count Edmond. The people threaten Héléna and her son unless Constantin surrenders. Edmond then reveals that his own father, Romuald, confessed to the murder on his deathbed, clears Constantin's name, and the opera ends happily.

Hérodiade

Opera · 1881

In Jerusalem, Salomé searches for her absent mother and loves the prophet Jean. King Hérode is also in love with Salomé, while his wife Hérodiade wants Jean punished for insulting her. Jean is arrested and refuses to help Hérode against Rome. Hérode condemns Jean and Salomé to death after she rejects him. After Jean is executed, Salomé asks Hérodiade to let her die too. Hérodiade’s silence enrages Salomé, who tries to kill her; the queen reveals she is Salomé’s mother, and Salomé stabs herself.

I Lombardi alla prima crociata

Opera · 1843

In Milan, Pagano is reconciled with his brother Arvino but still desires Arvino’s wife, Viclinda. During an attack on the family palace, Pagano mistakenly kills his father and is exiled. Years later, as a hermit in the Holy Land, he helps the Crusaders capture Antioch, where Arvino’s daughter Giselda is held. Giselda falls in love with Oronte, the son of Antioch’s ruler; after Oronte is wounded, he converts and dies. Pagano’s guidance leads the Crusaders to water and victory, and he dies after revealing his identity and receiving Arvino’s forgiveness.

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