Démophon
A French-language opera featuring Démophon, King of Thrace, and his son Timante, who is secretly married to Dircée.
Operas
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A three-act tragédie lyrique based on Metastasio’s Demofoonte, featuring the King of Thrace and his sons Osmide and Néade.
Dózsa György
King Ulászló ennobles György Dózsa, angering the lords. Dózsa falls in love with noblewoman Lóra Csáky, while his bride Rózsa and friend Barna remind him of his origins. When Zápolya harasses Rózsa and is linked to Dózsa’s mother’s death, Dózsa vows revenge. Peasant forces defeat the nobles. Dózsa keeps Lóra hostage, but Rózsa switches places with her so Lóra can save Dózsa later. Barna kills Rózsa, and Dózsa mourns her before the lords’ army attacks and captures him. Lóra offers to rescue Dózsa, but he accepts his fate. He dies on a burning throne and sees a vision of Rózsa and angels.
Döbeln
Wounded at the Battle of Porrassalmi, General Georg Carl von Döbeln is operated on and treated with opium. Under its influence he experiences seven dreams or hallucinations; the opera ends as events return to the operating table.
Edgar
Fidelia welcomes the return of Edgar, who has been living with Tigrana. Edgar rejects Tigrana’s invitation to resume their debauched life and declares his love for Fidelia. When villagers order Tigrana to leave, Edgar defends her and leaves with her, burning his house as they go. Later, tired of this life, he leaves Tigrana and joins the army. After Edgar supposedly dies in battle, a funeral procession honors him, but a monk denounces his past and the crowd turns against him. Tigrana is bribed to confirm the accusations. The monk reveals that he is Edgar in disguise; Tigrana stabs Fidelia, and soldiers capture her.
Edipo Re
An Italian opera based on Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex, with most of the original play’s choruses omitted.
Edmea
In seventeenth-century Bohemia, Oberto and Edmea love each other, but Oberto’s father orders her to marry Ulmo. Edmea throws herself into the Elbe, and Ulmo follows; both survive. Edmea loses her reason and believes she is a river fairy until she recognizes Oberto at a celebration and recovers. She reveals she married Ulmo; he resolves to kill himself so the lovers can unite. Ulmo dies after Edmea grants his last wish, and Oberto’s father arrives with news that the marriage has been dissolved.
Eduardo e Cristina
Eduardo returns to Stockholm with news of peace. King Carlo announces that his daughter Cristina will marry Prince Giacomo, but Cristina is secretly Eduardo’s wife and they have a young son, Gustavo. Cristina plans to flee; when Gustavo is discovered, she acknowledges him as her son but will not name his father. Eduardo reveals himself as the father, and both are imprisoned. Cristina continues to refuse Giacomo, even though he offers to recognize Gustavo. Eduardo is freed by his friend Atlei, and together they defeat a surprise Russian attack. Eduardo gives his sword to Carlo, who forgives the couple and blesses their union.
Eight Songs for a Mad King
In eight songs, George III delivers an increasingly fractured soliloquy, recalling his kingdom and personal world through varied musical scenes. The performance climaxes when he seizes and smashes a violin.
Ein Feldlager in Schlesien
During the Silesian war, King Frederick escapes Hungarian soldiers with help from Conrad, who is in love with Vielka. They disguise Conrad as the king so Frederick can flee. Later, Frederick’s appearance prevents loyal soldiers from lynching Saldorf, and Vielka and Conrad are rewarded with permission to marry.
Ein Landarzt
A country doctor is summoned to a distant house to treat a seriously ill boy. His maid Rosa cannot find a horse, but a mysterious stable boy arrives with horses and assaults her. The doctor is transported to the patient’s house and worries about Rosa. The boy has a deep wound and begs to die. His family forces the doctor into the boy’s bed, threatening him if the patient is not healed. The doctor escapes on a horse but cannot return home and is condemned to travel eternally.
Ein Traumspiel
A German-language opera based on August Strindberg’s play A Dream Play.
Ein Walzertraum
Princess Helene marries Lieutenant Niki, who is uneasy about his new position as a prince and longs for Vienna. On a secret visit to a beer garden, Niki falls for Franzi, a ladies’ orchestra leader, who does not know he is married. Helene discovers his homesickness and refashions palace life to follow Viennese customs. Niki accepts his marriage, and Franzi gives him up.
Ein wahrer Held
A three-act German opera by Giselher and Lore Klebe based on John Millington Synge’s play The Playboy of the Western World.
Eine florentinische Tragödie
Simone returns from a business trip and finds Prince Guido with his wife Bianca. He offers Guido everything in his house, and Guido chooses Bianca. Simone later overhears Bianca wishing him dead, then lets the lovers declare their devotion before challenging Guido to a fight. Simone kills him, and Bianca embraces her husband as the two reconcile.
Einstein
In this adapted history, Albert Einstein, exiled from Nazi Germany, assists the Americans in creating the atomic bomb. He grows distrustful of American politics and destroys his final twenty years of research to keep its knowledge from being abused.
Einstein on the Beach
This non-narrative opera portrays Albert Einstein through a sequence of nine connected scenes in four acts, framed by five interludes called Knee Plays. Its recurring settings include a train, a trial, and a field with a spaceship; numbers, solfège syllables, and short passages of poetry replace a conventional plot.
Eithne
The High King’s warriors nominate his eldest son Ceart as heir, but his half-brothers Neart and Art accuse him of killing the king’s hound. Ceart’s former nurse Nuala reveals that the brothers committed the murder. The king sentences them to death, then pardons them at Nuala’s urging and names Ceart heir. During a hunt, the king follows a mysterious bird, revealed as Eithne, cursed into bird form by her father, the King of Tír na nÓg. Ceart defeats the gate’s guardian and Eithne’s father with a magic sword. Nuala is revealed as the king’s wife, cursed to mortal life during his anger; they reunite and the spell breaks. Ceart defeats his half-brothers in the contest for Eithne’s hand. After his father dies, Ceart becomes High King.
Ekkehard
A romantic episode in the life of Ekkehard II of Saint Gall, adapted from Joseph Victor von Scheffel’s novel.
El Filibusterismo
A three-act Tagalog opera by Felipe Padilla de León, based on José Rizal’s novel El Filibusterismo, the sequel to Noli Me Tángere. The music develops darker and more violent versions of romantic themes from de León’s earlier opera Noli Me Tangere. The reviewed text does not provide a plot synopsis.
El Niño
Mary reflects on the coming birth of Jesus. After the Nativity, the work follows the visit of the Magi, Herod’s slaughter of the children, and episodes from Jesus’s early life, using biblical and other poetic texts.
El barberillo de Lavapiés
In Madrid in 1766, barber Lamparilla loves seamstress Paloma, who helps the Marquesita, a lady-in-waiting, pursue a plot with Don Juan to remove the unpopular prime minister Grimaldi. When Don Luis, Grimaldi’s nephew and the Marquesita’s fiancé, finds her with Don Juan, Paloma and Lamparilla disguise the Marquesita to help her escape. Lamparilla is arrested in her place and later returns to Lavapiés. The conspirators arrange a diversion with broken street lamps, allowing the Marquesita and her allies to escape the guards. In the final act, Paloma plans to help the Marquesita and Don Luis flee Madrid, but they are captured. Lamparilla returns with news that Grimaldi has been removed and Floridablanca has replaced him. Don Luis must go into exile, and the Marquesita joins him; Lamparilla and Paloma pledge their love.
El cuñao de Rosa
Parody zarzuela by Tomás López Torregrosa with text credited to Candela and Merino; plot details are unavailable.
El cóndor pasa
At a Peruvian Andes mining settlement, Frank resists the owners’ abuse of the miners. His mother María reveals that one owner, Mr. King, is Frank’s biological father; King’s cruelty toward María’s husband Higinio leads Higinio to kill him. When the other owner arrives seeking the murderer, Frank kills him while defending Higinio and the miners. The appearance of a condor gives them hope of freedom.
El gato montés
A three-act Spanish-language opera by Manuel Penella. Its English-language production was presented in New York as The Wild Cat in 1921.
El poeta
The poet José de Espronceda is exiled from Spain for his liberal beliefs and opposition to Ferdinand VII. Abroad, he falls in love with Teresa Mancha, while Carmen Osorio also loves him. After Espronceda rejects Carmen three times, she murders Teresa.
El puñao de rosas
Rosario, daughter of a farm overseer, gives a bunch of roses to a young master. Her fiancé becomes jealous; the couple are brought to the king’s court, where they marry and are raised to the aristocracy. Events at court prove to have been Rosario’s dream, and she wakes on her father’s farm in time to receive the king, who gives her a generous dowry.
El retablo de maese Pedro
Master Peter announces a puppet play about Melisendra, Charlemagne’s daughter, held captive in Zaragoza. The Boy narrates as the puppets perform the story: Don Gayferos rides to rescue her, and the two escape together. Don Quixote objects to details of the staging, then becomes convinced the puppets are real when the Moors pursue the lovers. He jumps up and destroys the puppet theater to defend them, leaving Master Peter in despair.
El último sueño de Frida y Diego
In 1957, Diego Rivera longs to see Frida Kahlo again as he nears death. Catrina, ruler of the dead, allows Frida to return to the living world for one day on Día de los Muertos. The former lovers revisit the joys and injuries of their relationship and seek forgiveness before Frida returns to the Land of the Dead; Diego is left comforted by their reconciliation.
Elegy for Young Lovers
At an inn in the Austrian Alps, poet Gregor Mittenhofer uses those around him—including his secretary, doctor, young muse Elisabeth, and a widow troubled by visions—as material for his art. When a young man arrives and attracts Elisabeth, Mittenhofer lets the couple go into a snowstorm without warning them. They die, and he turns the tragedy into a wordless elegy.
Elektra
At the palace of Mycenae, Elektra mourns her murdered father Agamemnon and urges her sister Chrysothemis to help avenge him by killing their mother Klytaemnestra and her lover Aegisth. Chrysothemis refuses. Elektra meets Orest, returned in disguise, and learns he will carry out the revenge. Orest and his followers kill Klytaemnestra and Aegisth. Elektra celebrates the deaths in a frenzied dance and collapses, dead.
Elena
Menelaus disguises himself as an Amazon to approach Helen, while Theseus also pursues her. Peritoo falls for Menelaus, believing him to be a woman. Theseus abducts Helen and abandons Hippolyta, who later finds him. Helen is freed by Castor and Pollux; Theseus marries Hippolyta, and Menelaus reveals himself and marries Helen.
Elena
An opera semiseria by Johann Simon Mayr.
Elena da Feltre
In Guelph-Ghibelline Italy, Elena loves Guido, while Ubaldo also loves her. Ubaldo abducts her and pressures her to marry him to save her father; the father is executed despite Elena’s compliance. After the truth emerges, Elena dies, and Ubaldo returns to the Guelph cause.
Eli
In a Polish village after World War II, the Jewish boy Eli has been killed by a German soldier during a pogrom. The opera unfolds in separate episodes in which the villagers remember him and his death; it has no continuous plot.
Eliogabalo
In Rome in 222 AD, Emperor Eliogabalo indulges his desires and disregards the people around him. He pursues Gemmira and Eritea, who love Alessandro and Giuliano, and plots to drug the women and kill his cousin Alessandro. His schemes collapse, and after Eliogabalo attempts to assault Gemmira, the guards kill him. Alessandro becomes emperor and marries Gemmira; Giuliano and Eritea also unite.
Elisa e Claudio
Elisa and Claudio are secretly married and have two children, while Claudio’s father pressures him to marry Silvia. The children are kidnapped, and Elisa is imprisoned after the family struggles to recover them. Claudio’s friend Celso frees the children, and the Count ultimately accepts Elisa and Claudio’s marriage while Silvia is allowed to marry Celso.
Elisabetta
Elisabetta journeys from Siberia to Moscow to seek a pardon for her exiled family. She survives danger on the way and ultimately secures the Tsar’s pardon, reuniting her family.
Elisabetta, regina d’Inghilterra
After Leicester returns from victory with Scottish hostages, he discovers his secret wife Matilda and her brother among them. When Elizabeth learns of the marriage and Leicester refuses her offer, she arrests them and sentences Matilda to death. Norfolk incites a rescue attempt, then tries to stab the Queen; Matilda shields her, and Elizabeth pardons Leicester and the prisoners.
Eliza
Set in 1588, Britannia despairs at the approaching Spanish Armada. The Genius of England, Peace, Liberty, Neptune, shepherds and shepherdesses encourage her until the group is ready to defend the country. After a battle at sea, the Genius celebrates victory and the ensemble welcomes peace.
Eliza, ou Le voyage aux glaciers du Mont St Bernard
Florindo, believing that Eliza is engaged to another, leaves for a glacier intending suicide. Eliza follows him after her father’s death clears the way for their marriage; monks rescue Florindo from an avalanche, and the lovers reunite.
Elmer Gantry
Football captain Elmer Gantry feigns conversion to gain a seminary scholarship and becomes an evangelist, first partnering with Sharon Falconer. His former lover Lulu and her husband Eddie expose his affairs at the opening of Sharon’s tabernacle, which catches fire; Sharon and her followers die, while Elmer escapes and later becomes a New Thought promoter haunted by the disaster.
Els Pirineus
Els Pirineus is a three-act opera with a prologue by Felipe Pedrell, based on Víctor Balaguer’s 1892 trilogy of the same name. Its subject matter includes Albigensians, troubadours, and inquisitors.
Elvida
Captured by the Moors, Castilian noblewoman Elvida is held by chieftain Amur as Spanish troops led by her fiancé Alfonso approach. Amur’s son Zeidar loves Elvida and opposes his father’s plans, but she rejects him. Alfonso’s troops rescue Elvida and capture Amur; Alfonso frees Zeidar and spares Amur, then announces his marriage to Elvida.
Emilia di Liverpool
Emilia lives in a hermitage after Federico seduced and abandoned her, and her father disappeared pursuing him. Years later Federico returns repentant, as does Claudio, who had been captured by pirates; when Claudio challenges Federico, Emilia stops the duel, declares her love for Federico, and plans to marry him.
Emma di Resburgo
Edemondo, accused of murdering his father, returns in disguise to find his wife Emma and son Elvino. Emma has disguised herself as a bard to remain near the boy. Edemondo is condemned to death, but Norcesto reveals his own father committed the murder and produces a deathbed confession. Edemondo, Emma, and Elvino reunite, and Edemondo regains his title.
Emma und Eginhard
A three-act German Singspiel by Telemann.
Emmeline
At fourteen, Emmeline is sent to work in a Lowell textile mill. The married factory supervisor, Mr. Maguire, seduces her; when she becomes pregnant, her aunt Hannah arranges for a couple to adopt the baby and hides its sex from Emmeline. Twenty years later Emmeline, still unmarried, falls in love with younger boarder Matthew Gurney and accepts his marriage proposal. At her mother’s funeral, Hannah recognizes Matthew as Emmeline’s son and reveals the truth. Matthew runs away; Emmeline remains in town, waiting for her child.
Empire of Wild
Joan searches for her missing husband in a Métis community near Georgian Bay, where his disappearance becomes entangled with the legend of the Rogarou.
Endlich allein
A German operetta by Franz Lehár, first performed in 1914 and revised in 1930 with a new text under the title Schön ist die Welt.
English Eccentrics
A two-act sequence of vignettes about eccentric figures. Among them, Sarah Whitehead becomes convinced the Bank of England is defrauding her after her brother is hanged; later scenes include quack doctors, Beau Brummell’s decline and death, and the impostor Mary Baker.
Enguerrande
In Palermo, Prince Gaëtan refuses the crown and the marriage proposed by Princess Enguerrande, though both are drawn to one another. After meeting in disguise and uncovering their identities, Enguerrande becomes queen and holds Gaëtan prisoner; persuaded to accept the throne to secure a pardon for Noéma’s exiled father, he signs, then flees with Enguerrande. When an enemy invasion threatens Palermo, Gaëtan returns to fight, but is mortally wounded and dies in Enguerrande’s arms; she dies beside him.
Enrico di Borgogna
Enrico, rightful heir to Burgundy, has been raised in hiding after his uncle Guido murdered the king. Enrico loves Elisa, whom Guido intends to marry by force. With the help of Pietro, Brunone, and the jester Gilberto, Enrico enters the castle and reunites with Elisa. His identity is revealed, Guido’s guards side with Enrico, and he defeats the usurper, then urges the people to show mercy.
Entente Cordiale
In 1919 northern France, soldier Erb Iggins is sent to buy food and obtain signed receipts. His poor French complicates his attempt to buy a chicken from Jeanne Arcot, who refuses to sign. Erb and Bill ask a notary to write an explanation in French. When Erb gives the document to Jeanne, she reveals that he has signed a marriage contract. The wives and Charles are outraged until Jeanne explains she was joking; Bill realizes Erb’s repeated mispronunciation of “poulet” as “pool” confused the notary, since “poule” can be a term of endearment. Order and marital harmony are restored.
Eraclea
An Italian dramma per musica by Leonardo Vinci, featuring the title character and her daughters alongside Roman, Capuan and Syracusan figures. The entry does not provide a plot synopsis.
Ercole amante
This five-act opera concerns Hercules and draws on Sophocles' The Trachiniae and Book 9 of Ovid's Metamorphoses.
Ercole amante
Ercole loves Iole, who loves his son Hyllo. After divine interventions and mistaken suspicions, Iole is enchanted into accepting Ercole and gives him a poisoned shirt; he dies, while Hyllo and Iole reunite.
Ercole su’l Termodonte
To complete his ninth labor, Hercules travels to Thermodon to seize the sword of Amazon queen Antiope. He is accompanied by Theseus, Telamon, and Alceste; the expedition captures Antiope’s daughter Martesia, while the Amazons capture Theseus. Hippolyta falls in love with Theseus, and the goddess Diana eventually decrees their marriage as well as the marriage of Martesia and Alceste.
Erismena
This three-act opera features Erismena, daughter of King Erimante, along with Aldimira, a favourite of the king, and princes Idraspe and Orimeno.
Eritrea
An Italian three-act opera by Francesco Cavalli to a libretto by Giovanni Faustini.
Erminie
Erminie is promised in marriage to Ernest, but she loves her father's secretary Eugène, while Ernest loves Eugène's sister Cerise. Thieves Ravennes and Cadeaux rob Ernest and disguise themselves to attend the engagement ceremony; Ernest arrives later and is falsely accused and jailed. In a second farcical scheme, the robbers' plans fail, and Erminie and Eugène, as well as Ernest and Cerise, are united.
Ermione
In Epirus after the Trojan War, Andromaca agrees to marry Pirro only to protect her son Astianatte, while the rejected Ermione turns to Oreste for revenge. Pirro is killed by soldiers; Ermione then condemns Oreste, who escapes with his companion Pilade.
Ernani
The outlaw Ernani and King Don Carlo both love Elvira, who is promised to the elderly Gomez de Silva. Silva discovers Ernani and Elvira together but protects Ernani according to his word; the two men later ally against Carlo and Ernani swears to die if Silva sounds a horn. Carlo is elected emperor and pardons the conspirators, then gives Elvira to Ernani. At their wedding, Silva sounds the horn; Ernani keeps his oath and kills himself, dying in Elvira’s arms.
Ernelinde, princesse de Norvège
In a Viking-era saga, rival powers struggle for control of Norway, Sweden, and Denmark and for the hand of Ernelinde, Princess of Norway.
Ero s onoga svijeta
Mića, a young man, claims to have come from the other world and tells Marko’s wife Doma that her deceased husband is angry, persuading her to give him a sock of gold coins. He later disguises himself at the mill and escapes an angry mob while arranging to elope with Marko’s daughter Đula. At the fair, Mića reveals that he pretended to be poor to find someone who would love him for himself, returns Marko’s horse and coins, and receives Marko’s blessing to marry Đula.
Eroii de la Rovine
Ottoman sultan Baiazid demands the surrender of Mircea the Old. Peace talks fail, and Mircea vows to fight. The chorus recounts the ensuing battle and Wallachian victory, including the bravery of Mircea’s son Mihail. Mihail writes to his wife, telling her of the triumph and promising to return.
Erwartung
A woman searches a forest at night for her lover. She first mistakes a tree trunk for a body, then finds that her lover is dead. She tries to revive him, accuses him of infidelity as if he were alive, and finally wanders away alone.
Erwin und Elmire
Elmire fears that her coldness drove Erwin away. Her tutor Bernardo persuades her to meet an old hermit in a secluded valley; the hermit is Erwin in disguise.
Erwin und Elmire
Elmire believes that her coldness has driven away Erwin, her low-born suitor. Her mentor Bernardo sends her to meet an old hermit in a secluded valley. In the second act Bernardo disguises Erwin as the hermit, and Elmire confesses that she feigned indifference to satisfy social propriety. Convinced of her love, Erwin reveals himself, and the lovers reunite.
Eréndira
After a fire destroys her grandmother’s palace, Eréndira is forced into prostitution to repay an imposed debt. Ulysses tries to free her, but the grandmother repeatedly intervenes; eventually they plot the grandmother’s death, after which Eréndira leaves alone.
Es war einmal
A German-language fairy-tale opera by Alexander von Zemlinsky in a prologue and three acts, adapted from Holger Drachmann’s play Der var engang through Marie von Borch’s German translation.
Esclarmonde
Esclarmonde, empress and sorceress of Byzantium, secretly meets Roland and gives him a magic sword to defend Blois, provided he remains faithful. After Roland reveals their meetings, monks tear away her veil and the sword shatters; she disappears. Her father later forces her to renounce Roland, but Roland wins a tournament in disguise, and they recognize each other and are acclaimed together.
Esmeralda
Vincenzo Battista’s four-act grand opera is the English-language version of his 1851 Italian opera Ermelinda, based on Victor Hugo’s novel The Hunchback of Notre-Dame. The London version is set in Paris in 1482.
Esmeralda
In fifteenth-century Paris, Esmeralda agrees to a nominal marriage with the poet Gringoire, then falls in love with Captain Phoebus. The archdeacon Frollo tries to abduct her and later stabs Phoebus, accusing Esmeralda of the attack. In prison she refuses Frollo; Quasimodo dies shielding Phoebus from him, Frollo is arrested, and Esmeralda and Phoebus reunite.
Esther
Jan Meyerowitz’s English-language opera retells the biblical story in the Book of Esther, with a libretto by Langston Hughes.
Esther
Queen Esther, persuaded by her uncle Mordecai, reveals her Jewish identity to King Achasuerus despite the danger to herself. She seeks to persuade the king to rescind the edict to exterminate the enslaved Hebrews.
Esther
In Susa, King Xerxes banishes Vashti and seeks a new queen. Esther, a Jewish woman, is summoned to court. Vashti plots to poison Xerxes, but Mordecai uncovers the plan. Haman and his wife Zeresh persuade Xerxes to issue an edict to exterminate the Jews because Mordecai refuses to bow to Haman. Mordecai asks the now-queen Esther to intercede, though approaching the king unbidden risks death. Xerxes receives her and grants a request. At a banquet, Esther reveals she is Jewish and demands Haman and his sons be hanged; she also secures permission for the Jews to defend themselves. The Jewish people survive and celebrate.
Estrella de Soria
Countess Estrella expects to marry General Salvaterra, but he falls in love with the captive Moorish princess Zulma. After Muza’s death and Salvaterra’s banishment, Estrella attempts to seize Zulma; Salvaterra and Zulma escape by sea, and Estrella kills herself.
Eteocle e Polinice
The libretto retells the conflict of Eteocles and Polynices over Thebes, but ends happily: Antigone reunites with Tideo, Eteocles with Deifile, and Adrastus oversees the restoration of peace.
Eugene Onegin
Tatyana falls in love with the worldly Onegin and writes him a letter. He kindly rejects her and warns her against such openness. At a ball held for Tatyana, Onegin flirts with Olga to annoy her fiancé Lensky. Lensky challenges Onegin to a duel and is killed. Years later, Onegin meets Tatyana again, now the wife of Prince Gremin, and recognizes that he loves her. Tatyana admits she still loves him but chooses to remain faithful to her husband. She leaves, and Onegin is alone in despair.
Euphrosine, ou Le tyran corrigé
Euphrosine, one of three orphaned girls under the tyrant Coradin’s guardianship, seeks to reform him by marrying him. The jealous Countess of Arles turns Coradin against Euphrosine and encourages him to poison her, but Euphrosine feigns death; remorseful, Coradin prepares to kill himself before she reveals she is alive and forgives him.
Euridice
On the wedding day of Orfeo and Euridice, the nymph dies after being bitten by a serpent. Orfeo vows to rescue her from the underworld. Guided by Venus, he pleads with Pluto and persuades the gods to let Euridice return. The couple come back from the underworld and rejoice.
Euridice
At the wedding celebrations of Orfeo and Euridice, Daphne arrives with news that Euridice has died from a serpent bite. Orfeo resolves to rescue her from the underworld. With Venus’s help, he reaches Pluto and Proserpina, who are moved by his plea and music and restore Euridice to life. The shepherds welcome the reunited couple back to Arcadia and resume the wedding celebration.
Europa riconosciuta
In ancient Tyre, Europa is abducted by Asterio of Crete and presumed lost. When the pair are captured after a shipwreck, Europa reveals her identity and claim to the throne, defeating Egisto’s bid for power; she then cedes the crown and marries her former fiancé Isséo and Semele.
Europeras
John Cage’s five-part opera series juxtaposes fragments of earlier operas with indeterminate music and staging. Europeras I and II use 19 singers and the full resources of an opera house, with performers guided by projected clocks. III and IV feature gramophones, and V is scored for a pianist, two singers, lighting, and tape.
Euryanthe
Lysiart wagers that he can win Euryanthe and conspires with Eglantine after learning the secret of Adolar’s dead sister. Adolar believes the false accusation of Euryanthe’s infidelity and abandons her, but her courage and the exposure of Eglantine’s scheme restore the lovers; the king blesses their reunion.
Eurydice
Eurydice dies while trying to recover a letter from her father and descends to the underworld, where she has lost her memory. Her father helps her remember, and Orpheus follows her below to bring her back. On their return journey she calls out to him; he looks back, and she is lost again. She later chooses forgetfulness in the river, while Orpheus finds but cannot read the letter she left.
Everest
On 10 May 1996, Beck Weathers lies unconscious in a snowdrift while Rob Hall leads climbers toward the summit and helps Doug Hansen reach it. Weathers hallucinates a barbecue with his daughter Meg. The action shifts to Jan Hall in New Zealand as she awaits her pregnant husband’s return. Hansen struggles to breathe; Hall radios for help. Weathers remains behind as a storm arrives. Guide Guy Cotter urges Hall to leave Hansen, but Hall stays; Hansen dies. At 2 a.m. on 11 May, Hall speaks to Jan, and they choose Sarah as their unborn daughter’s name before he dies. Weathers eventually reaches base camp.
Ezio
After defeating Attila, Roman general Ezio returns to find Emperor Valentiniano intent on marrying Fulvia, whom Ezio loves. Fulvia’s father Massimo plots against the emperor and falsely implicates Ezio; Fulvia shields her father, and when Ezio’s loyalty is revealed, the emperor pardons Massimo and allows the lovers to marry.
Ezio
After twists in a conspiracy against the emperor, the Roman general Ezio saves Valentiniano from Massimo’s plot. Massimo is arrested but spared, and the emperor allows Ezio to marry Fulvia.
Ezio
A three-act heroic opera about the fifth-century Roman general Ezio (Flavius Aetius), returning from victory over Attila.
Ezio
An Italian opera seria in three acts by Josef Mysliveček, his first setting of Metastasio’s Ezio libretto, based on events in the lives of Roman emperor Valentinian III and general Aetius. Its characters include Ezio, Fulvia and Emperor Valentiniano.
Ezio
An Italian opera seria in three acts by Josef Mysliveček, his second setting of Metastasio’s Ezio libretto, based on the lives of Roman emperor Valentinian III and general Aetius. The Munich court required a completely new score for this setting.
Facing Goya
The Art Banker pursues a plan to clone Francisco Goya using his long-lost skull, while characters embodying craniometry, eugenics and art criticism contest the project. Goya appears in a fantastical sequence rather than as the result of cloning.
Fair Rosamond
In this retelling of the Rosamund Clifford legend, Henry II courts Rosamond while disguised as the troubadour Edgar. Their relationship provokes jealousy and conflict. At Rosamond’s garden bower, Queen Eleanor threatens her with death, but Henry arrives and Rosamond pleads for the Queen’s pardon.
Fallen Fairies
Curious about human love, the fairies summon the mortal knights Ethais and Phyllon to Fairyland, where the sisters fall in love and become jealous. Selene, their queen, gives up her crown after being betrayed by Ethais, who returns to Earth without her. Once the men leave, the fairies acknowledge that they too can love and restore Selene as queen.
Falstaff
An Italian-language opera by Michael William Balfe, identified as based on Shakespeare’s The Merry Wives of Windsor. The entry does not provide a plot synopsis.
Falstaff
Falstaff sends identical letters to Alice Ford and Meg Page, hoping to seduce them for money. The women discover the scheme and plan to humiliate him, while Alice’s husband Ford plots revenge and the women also help Nannetta marry Fenton instead of the husband her father chose. Falstaff is hidden in a laundry basket and thrown into the Thames, then lured to a midnight encounter at Herne’s Oak, where townspeople in fairy disguises torment him. Ford’s plan for Nannetta to marry Dr. Caius is also foiled, and the company ends with Falstaff’s declaration that all the world is folly.
Falstaff, ossia Le tre burle
A two-act Italian dramma giocoso adapting Shakespeare’s The Merry Wives of Windsor. The opera compresses the play, omits the young lovers Fenton and Anne, and adds scenes in which Mistress Ford pretends to be German to charm Falstaff; a fuller plot is not given.
Family Quarrels
Foxglove tries to reconcile the Supplejack and Crabstick families so Charles Supplejack and Caroline Crabstick can marry. Caroline's parents want her to marry Mushroom, while Mrs. Supplejack plans for Charles to marry Lady Selena. The expected happy ending eventually follows.
Fang Zhimin
Meng Weidong’s opera dramatizes the life of communist martyr Fang Zhimin.
Fangcaoxin
Twin sisters Yunyun and Fangfang love engineer Yu Gang. When Yu is blinded in an accident, Yunyun abandons him, and Fangfang takes her place caring for him without revealing her identity. After Yu recovers his sight, Fangfang withdraws and Yunyun returns to marry him. At the wedding, Yunyun’s conscience compels her to confess the truth.
Faniska
Zamoski orders Faniska abducted and imprisoned after she resists his advances. Her husband Rasinski is also captured while attempting to rescue her; the couple escape with help, and Rasinski’s soldiers defeat Zamoski.
Fantasio
To avoid arrest for debt and meet Princess Elsbeth, student Fantasio disguises himself as the dead court jester. He disrupts the planned marriage between Elsbeth and the Prince of Mantua, but is imprisoned. Elsbeth helps him escape; Fantasio then challenges the prince, who abandons the marriage and returns home. Fantasio urges peace, is pardoned, and Elsbeth names him prince.
Fantasio
A German-language fantastic comedy opera based on Alfred de Musset’s play Fantasio.
Fantastic Mr. Fox
Mr. Fox steals hens from farmers Boggis, Bunce, and Bean, who conspire to destroy the Fox family. With help from woodland animals, the foxes evade capture; the animals later feast on the farmers’ produce while the farmers wait in the rain.
Faramondo
Faramondo, king of the Franks, and Rosimonda, daughter of the Cimbrian king Gustavo, fall in love despite Gustavo’s oath to avenge his son Sveno, whom Faramondo killed. Faramondo’s sister Clotilde and Gustavo’s son Adolfo also love one another. When Faramondo rescues Rosimonda and stops a coup, Gustavo prepares to sacrifice him, but a dying Teobaldo reveals that Sveno was his own son. Gustavo spares Faramondo, and the couples are united.
Farewell My Concubine
A Chinese-language western-style opera by Xiao Bai and Wang Jian.
Farinelli
At the Prado, chamberlain Gil Polo plots against King Philip V. Farinelli, who loves Gil’s niece Leonora, learns of the conspiracy. His singing revives the melancholic king and spurs him to act. Gil is dismissed and exiled; Farinelli is honored and is able to marry Leonora.
Farmer George
A monodrama depicting George III’s state of mind and background before his illness. It is written for the same instrumentation as Eight Songs for a Mad King and is performed as a companion work before it.
Farnace
After defeat by Rome, Farnace orders his wife Tamiri to kill their son and herself rather than be captured. Berenice conspires with Pompey against him, while Selinda tries to use the rivalry between Aquilio and Gilade to save her brother. The opera ends with the characters spared, but the source does not explain the resolution.
Farnace
Defeated by Pompeo, King Farnace tells his wife Tamiri to kill their son and herself rather than be captured. His sister Selinda is taken by the Roman Atridate, who loves her, as does his captain Gilade. Selinda plays the two men against each other to save Farnace, and everyone is spared.
Fat Pig
Helen, a witty and confident fat woman, falls in love with Tom, a man in a normative body. Their relationship is challenged and ultimately ruined by Tom’s insecurities, amplified by coworkers’ taunts and judgment.
Fatinitza
Russian Lieutenant Wladimir once disguised himself as a woman named Fatinitza, and General Kantschukoff fell in love with that identity. When the disguise is revived during a soldiers’ play, Wladimir and Lydia are captured by a Turkish governor; his wives help them escape. The General promises Lydia to another man, but a mistaken report that Fatinitza has been found and a forged story about her death lead him to give Lydia to Wladimir.
Faust
Faust is torn between his love for Röschen and his desire for Kunigunde, who is betrothed to Count Hugo. Faust makes a pact with Mephistopheles and rescues Kunigunde from the knight Gulf. He gives her a love potion at her wedding celebration; Hugo challenges him to a duel, and Faust kills him and flees. Röschen drowns herself in despair, and Mephistopheles drags Faust to Hell.
Faust
An aging scholar, Faust despairs of the life he has spent in study and considers suicide. Méphistophélès appears and offers him youth and worldly pleasures in exchange for his soul. Faust accepts and falls in love with Marguerite, whom he seduces and abandons. Her brother Valentin confronts Faust and is killed. Marguerite gives birth to Faust’s child, then kills the child and is imprisoned. Faust enters the prison with Méphistophélès and urges her to escape, but she entrusts herself to God and dies. Her soul rises to heaven, while an archangel bars Méphistophélès.
Faust and Marguerite
A three-act romantic opera by Meyer Lutz and Henri Drayton based on Goethe’s Faust legend.
Fausta
Empress Fausta falls in love with her stepson Crispo, who loves the captive Beroe. After Fausta’s advances are exposed, Crispo is condemned for treason through the schemes of her father Massimiano. Fausta tries to save him with poison, but the execution has already occurred. Constantine receives proof of Crispo’s innocence too late; Fausta dies, and Massimiano is exposed.
Fausto
Bored with life, Fausto is about to drink poison when church bells revive his faith. He meets Margarita and falls in love; after she leaves, he summons Mefistofele, who promises to make him young and win her for him. Rejuvenated, Fausto courts Margarita, who comes to return his feelings and secretly invites him to her room. The entry does not summarize the final two acts.
Faustus, the Last Night
As Faustus faces the end of his bargain, he and Mephistopheles appear as an intertwined pair. Their exchanges explore humanity’s obsession with power; Sly, a jester drawn from Shakespeare’s The Taming of the Shrew, introduces a contrasting voice.
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